Quest for Agency in African and Indian Theologies and the Way Forward
Keywords:
African Theology, Agency, Contextualization, Decolonization, Inculturation, Indian Theology, Interreligious Dialogue, Inculturated-Ethics, SacramentalityAbstract
African and Indian theologies share much in common and an important point of interface is their quest for ‘Agency’ in doing theology. Decolonization, contextualization and inculturation are some successful attempts by both that have attracted the attention of universal churches in so far as they have adequately represented their voices. This identity-seeking has been spearheaded by Laurenti Magesa in Africa and Michael Amaladoss in India. However, the journey ahead looks very promising because theologizing attempts are quite interdisciplinary today. Catholic theological ethics in both continents has redefined the approach by its distinct claim for ‘inculturation in ethics.’ Its emphasis on the role of culture in ethics or ethical formation has given a new focus to the search in both continents. In sum, the ‘Agency Question’ that unites both discovers its root in ‘inculturated Gospel’ especially by attributing sacramental value to cultural forms and expressions in their respective cultures.
References
Alla, Stanislaus. “Interreligious Dialogue: An Indian Way.” In Building Bridges in Sarajevo: The Plenary Papers from CTEWC 2018, edited by Kristin Heyer, James F Keenan, and Andrea Vicini, 65–70. New York: Orbis Books, 2019.
Amaladoss, Michael. “Cross-Inculturation of Indian and African Christianity.” African Ecclesial Review 32, no. 3 (1990): 157–68.
Amaladoss, Michael. “Inter-Religious Dialogue: A View from Asia.” Landas 8 (1994): 208–18.
Amaladoss, Michael. “My Pilgrimage in Mission.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research 31, no. 1 (2007): 21–24.
Amaladoss, Michael. Interreligious Encounters: Opportunities and Challenges. Edited by Jonathan Y Tan. New York: Orbis Books, 2017.
Amaladoss, Michael. Quest for God: Doing Theology in India. Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 2013.
Amaladoss, Michael. The Asian Jesus. New York: Orbis Books, 2006.
Books and Articles
Daughrity, Dyron B, and Jesudas M Athyal. “Some Theological Trends in Indian Christianity.” In Understanding World Christianity. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2016.
Griener, George, and James F Keenan, eds. A Lucas Chan Reader: Pioneering Essays on Biblical and Asian Theological Ethics. Bengaluru: Dharmaram Publications, 2017.
Irudayaraj, Dominic S. “A Book Review on ‘The Way, the Truth, and the Life: A Confluence of Asia, Europe and Africa in Jesus of Nazareth.’” Theological Studies 79, no. 2 (2018): 443–44.
John Paul II. Ecclesia in Africa. (14 September 1995). Available Online:
John Paul II. Ecclesia in Asia. (6 November 1999). Available Online:
Kochuthara, Shaji George. “Challenge of Doing Catholic Ethics in a Pluralistic Context.” Religions 11, no. 17 (2020): 1–15.
Magesa, Laurenti. “Catholic Ethics and the Construction of Social Reality in Contemporary Africa.” In The Catholic Ethicist in the Local Church, edited by Antonio Autiero and Laurenti Magesa, 117–26. New York: Orbis Books, 2018.
Magesa, Laurenti. “Contextualizing HIV and AIDS in the African Reality.” In HIV and AIDS in Africa: Christian Reflection, Public Health, Social Transformation, edited by Jacquineau Azetsop, First Edit., 15–26. New York: Orbis Books, 2016.
Magesa, Laurenti. “Locating the Church among the Wretched of the Earth.” In Catholic Theological Ethics in the World Church Padova, edited by James F Keenan, 49–56. New York: Continuum, 2007.
Magesa, Laurenti. “On Speaking Terms: African Religion and Christianity in Dialogue.” In Reconciliation, Justice, and Peace: The Second African Synod, edited by Agbonkhianmeghe E Orobator, 25–36. New York: Orbis Books, 2011.
Magesa, Laurenti. “The Council of Trent in the African Experience.” In Catholic Theological Ethics: Past, Present, and Future: Trento, edited by James F Keenan, 48–60. New York: Orbis Books, 2011.
Magesa, Laurenti. “Truly African, Fully Christian? In Search of a New African Christian Spirituality.” In The Church We Want: African Catholics Look to Vatican III, edited by Agbonkhianmeghe E Orobator, 79–92. New York: Orbis Books, 2016.
Magesa, Laurenti. African Religion: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life. New York: Orbis Books, 1997.
Magesa, Laurenti. Anatomy of Inculturation: Transforming the Church in Africa. New York: Orbis Books, 2004.
Orobator, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Theology Brewed in an African Pot. New York: Orbis Books, 2008.
Paul VI. Evangelii Nuntiandi. (8 December 1975). Available Online:
Tharamangalam, Joseph. “Whose Swadeshi? Contending Nationalisms among Indian Christians.” Asian Journal of Social Science 32, no. 2 (2004): 232–46.
Varaprasadam. “Theology Must Happen.” In Theologizing in India, edited by Michael Amaladoss, John T.K., and Gispert-Sauch G, 164–75. Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 1981.
Vatican Council II. Nostra Aetate. (28 October 1965). Available Online:
Wilfred, Felix. “Asian Christianities and Theologies through the Lens of Postcolonialism.” Concilium 1 (2018): 15–26.
Wilfred, Felix. Theology for an Inclusive World. New Delhi: ISPCK, 2019.