Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a relatively recent area of
study within philosophy, especially when compared to its long
established research in technology. AI gained prominence in the
1950s, initially framed as ‘computer machinery and intelligence’
within the concept of the imitation game, and its influence has
only grown over the decades. Today, the philosophy of science
has expanded its focus globally, with this book exploring the
comparison between artificial and natural intelligence. Roger
Penrose and Emanuele Severino engage in a dialogue at a
conference, discussing AI as a fascinating topic of the 21st century,
particularly in relation to the consciousness of machines and
humans. In addition, essays by Ines Testoni, Federico Faggin,
Mauro D’Ariano, and Giuseppe Vitiello, along with an
introduction by Fabio Scardigli, provide valuable insights into
various approaches to the debate. Central to these discussions is
the view that consciousness is inherent in actual intelligence. Key
questions arise, such as whether consciousness is a central focus
of research in technology and science, whether it functions as a
mirror—albeit often enigmatic—and the origins of consciousness
in animals and humans.