FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
A Study Based on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches and the Code of Canon Law
Keywords:
Diaconate, Equal Rights, Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, Rights and Duties of Christian Faithful, Women OrdinationAbstract
Pope Francis, while answering the questions during the final session of the Union of International Superiors' General's (UISG) meeting held in Rome in May 2016, said that he would like to study through the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith whether there could be ordained deaconesses in the Catholic Church. This answer has created a renewed interest among many within and outside the Catholic Church to look into the Canon Law of the Catholic Church to see the place and role of women in it. The Code of Canon Law (1983) of the Latin Church and the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (1990) have articulated the fundamental rights and duties of every Christian faithful in the Catholic Church. This study examines critically and creatively the place and role of women in the Catholic Church, examining the long way in her understanding of the fundamental rights of women and the post-Vatican II reform of her canon law; now the Church places women on par with men regarding the fundamental rights and duties.
References
Zenith.org,"Full Text of Popes Q and A with Women Religious," May 13, 2016 <https://zenit.org/articles/full-text-of-popes-q-and-awith-women-religious/> (28.7.2016).
Zenith.org,"Full Text of Popes Q and A with Women Religious," May 13, 2016 <https://zenit.org/articles/full-text-of-popes-q-and-awith-women-religious/> (28.7.2016).
<http://bulletin.hds.harvard.edu/ articles/summerautumn2015/ ordain-catholic-women-deacons> (6.8. 2016).
Ian Brownlie and Guy S. Goodwin-Gill, Basic Documents on Human Rights, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, 18-23.
James A. Coriden, The Rights of Catholics in the Church, New York: Paulist Press, 2007.
James Mathew Pampara, "Place and Role of Consecrated Persons in the Church According to Lumen Gentium and the Codes of Canon Law," in Saju Chackalackal, ed., Consecrated Life for a Transformed World, Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2016, 117-134.
Ivan Žužek, "Bipartizione o tripartizione dei Christifideles nel CIC e nel CCEO," in James Mathew Pampara, Understanding the Eastern Code, Kanonika 8, Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute, 1997, 328-353.
Dominique le Tourneau, "Les Droits et le deviors fondamentaux de la femme dans l'Église," Studia Canonica 49 (2015), 443-482.
Philip Ade Hoteyin, The Role of Women in the Church in the Light of the New Code of Canon Law, Pars dissertationis ad lauream in Facultate Iuris Canonici, Rome: Pontifical Urban University, 1985.
John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis on Reserving Priestly Ordination to Men Alone, 22 May 1994, AAS 85 (1994), 545-548.
English Translation: Canon Law Digest, vol. XIII (2009), 533-536.
John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitatem on the Dignity and Vocation of Women, 15 August 1988, AAS 80 (1988), 1653-1729; <http://w2.vatican.va/ content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_ 19880815_mulieris-dignitatem.html> (28.7. 2016).
CDF, "Response to a dubium Concerning the Inadmissibility of Women to Ministerial Priesthood," 28 October 1995, AAS 87 (1995), 1114.
Francis A. Sullivan, Creative Fidelity: Weighting and Interpreting Documents of the Magisterium, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1996, 181-184.
Marino Mosconi, Magistero autentico non infallibile e protezione penale, Rome: Pontificio Seminario Lombardo, 1996.
John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Motu Proprio Ad Tuendam Fidem, 18 May 1998, AAS 90 (1998) 457-461.
English Translation: Canon Law Digest, vol. XIV (2012), 643-647.
Davide Salatori, L'oggetto del magistero della Chiesa alla luce del m.p. Ad Tuendam Fidem: il can. 750 visto attraverso i Concilî vaticani, Tesi Gregoriana, Serie Diritto Canonico 51, Rome: Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2001, 461.
CCEO c. 1436, §2; cf. also, CIC c. 1371, 2°.
Peter Hebblethwaite, "A Search for Openings in the Absence of Infallible," National Catholic Reporter, June 17, 1994, p. 10.
Canon Law Society of America, The Canonical Implications of Ordaining Women to the Permanent Diaconate, Report of an Ad Hoc Committee of the Canon Law Society of America, Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1995, 4.
Andrea Tornielli, "Career Women," 30 Days in the Church and in the World 6/7-8 (1994), 17.
CLSA Proceedings 54 (1992) 276-277.
CDF, "Declaration Inter Insigniores on the Question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood," October 15, 1976, AAS 69 (1977), 98-116.
Cipriano Vagaggini, "L'ordinazione della diaconesse nella tradizione greca e bizantina," Orientalia Christiana Periodica 40 (1974) 146-189.
Roger Gryson, The Ministry of Women in the Early Church, Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1976.
Aimé Georges Martimort, Deaconesses: An Historical Study, trans., K. D. Whatehead, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986.
International Theological Commission, "From the Diakonia of Christ to the Diakonia of the Apostles," Historico-Theological Research Document, Chicago/Mundelein: Hillenbrand Books, 2003.
International Theological Commission, Texts and Documents, eds., Michael Sharkey and Thomas Weinady, vol. II, 1986-2007, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2009, 229-317.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_docu ments/rc_con_cfaith_pro_05072004_diaconate_en.html> (4.7.2016).
George Nedungatt, Renewal of Life and Law: An Indian Contribution, Dharmaram Canonical Series, 10, Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2015, 92-99.
George Nedungatt, Laity and Church Temporalities: Appraisal of a Tradition, Dharmaram Canonical Series 1, Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2000, 457.
Antonio Spadero, S.J., editor of Civiltà Cattolica, "The Heart of a Jesuit Pope: Interview with Pope Francis," Studies, number 407, Autumn 2013, 255-278, 270, cited in George Nedungatt, Renewal of Life and Law, 101-102, n. 20.
Pope Francis, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium, 24 November 2013, no. 103 <http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/ en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_ 20131124_ evangelii-gaudium.html> (28.7.2016).
Laura Ieraci, "Pope Urges 'More Widespread and Incisive Female Presence' in Church," Vatican Radio, February 7, 2015.
<https://w2.vatican.va/content/ francesco/en/speeches/2016/may/documents/papa-francesco_2016 0512_uisg.html> (5.7. 2016).
James Mathew Pampara, "Saint Gregory of Narek: The Thirty Sixth Doctor of the Church," Vinayasadhana: Dharmaram Journal of Psycho-Spiritual Formation VI (no. 2, July 2015), 63-72.