TRACING THE SPIRAL OF RELIGIOUS TERROR APPARATUS TO BREAK THE CHAIN OF VIOLENCE
Keywords:
Apparatus of Terror, Great Divine Body, Jihadism, Repressive Transcendence, True religion, Soft religionAbstract
In the 21st century, threats to peace have occurred in the name of religion, activating an ‘apparatus of terror’. Religion has an ambiguous and multifaceted relation to peace. This article analyses the mechanisms of the religious terror apparatus to elaborate on the way to peace and prevent violence aroused by religions. The focus is on jihadism, the fundamentalist, extremist movement of militant Islamists. With the framework of analysis based on Rogozinski’s Djihadisme, le retour de sacrifice, I analyse this extreme politico-religious movement as an apparatus of terror. I will elucidate the appeal of the fundamental tenets of jihadism that entice young people by lending transcendental meaning to violence and offering them a new horizon of faith. In religious-political conflicts, we should aim to identify the path of “true religion” and “soft religion” as a counter-apparatus to the terror that can free us from strict precepts and promote tolerance, peace, and virtue.
References
Bataille, Georges. Sur Nietzsche, Œuvres complètes. Tome 6. Paris: Gallimard, 1973. 7-205.
Bataille, Georges and Strauss, Jonathan. “Hegel, Death and Sacrifice.” Yale French Studies 78(1990): 9-28.
De Landa, Manuel. Course on Assemblage theory, Society, and Deleuze. European Graduate School, 2011.<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-I5e7ixw78.> (2 February 2021)
Deleuze, Gilles. Cours de Vincennes sur Spinoza. 24 Jan. 1978. <https://www.webdeleuze.com/textes/11> (22 Aug. 2021)
Deleuze, Gilles. Spinoza, la philosophie pratique. Paris: Les éditions des Minuit, 2003.
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix. Mille Plateaux. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1980.
Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la sexualité. Paris: Gallimard, 1976.
Foucault, Michel. Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.
Heidegger, Martin. “Hegel.” Martin Heideggers Gesamtausgabe, Vol. 68. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1993.
Hoffmann, Candy. “Le sacré chez Georges Bataille.” Communication, lettres et sciences du langage 5.1(2011).
Khosrokhavar, Farhad. Jihadism in Europe, European Youth and the New Caliphate. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021.
Malabou, Catherine. “Négativité dialectique et douleur transcendantale.” Centre Sèvres| Archives de Philosophie 2.66(2003): 265-278.
Maronneau, Laurent.“Djihadisme: le retour du sacrifice, de Jacob Rogozinski.” Le Portique 41(2018): 1-5.
Mouline, Nabil. “Genèse du djihadisme.” Le Monde diplomatique. Dec. 2015. <https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2015/12/MOULINE/54356> (5 June 2021).
Nadler, S. A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza’s Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age. 1st ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2011.
Ranciere, Jacques. Disagreement. Translated by Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
Rizk, Hadi. “Le Traité Theologico-Politique de Spinoza 4/4: Qu'est-ce que la théocratie?” France Culture (Radio France). 5 Feb 2015. 15 Aug. 2021. Conference.
Rogozinski, Jacob. Djihadisme: le retour du sacrifice. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 2017.
Rogozinski, Jacob. “Djihadisme et sacrifice.” France Culture (Radio France). 13 Apr. 2018. <https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/matieres-a-penser-avec-antoine-garapon/djihadisme-et-sacrifice> (13 June 2021).
Rogozinski, Jacob. Le moi et la chair. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2006.
Rovère, Maxime. “Le Traite Theologico-Politique de Spinoza 1/4 Qui doit légiférer sur le sacré?” France Culture (Radio France). 2 Feb. 2015.
Spindler, Fredrika. “Gilles Deleuze: A Philosophy of Immanence.” Phenomenology and Religion: New Frontiers. Ed. Jonna Bornemark and Hans Ruin. Huddinge: Södertörn University, 2010. 149-163
Spinoza. Ethique. Translated by Charles Appuhn. Paris: Garnier, 1929.
Spinoza, B.D. Theological-Political Treatise. Translated by Edwin Curley and ed. E.M. Curley. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2010.
Topolski, A. Spinoza’s true religion: the modern origins of a contemporary floating signifier. Arad: Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis. 2014.
Von Clausewitz, Carl. On War. Translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. New York: Oxford World’s Classics. 2007.
Yun, Ji Sun. “From the Architectonic System in the Strategy Towards the Chaotic Aggregate.” Journal of the Times and the Philosophy 25(2014): 339-364.
Yun, Ji Sun. “Geology-economy-affective Dynamics of Feminism: Economic Analysis of the Meaning of Anti-corset Movement Through the Conceptual Lens of De-Stratification-Labour-Affect -Material Concept Analysis of Semantic Economy of De-corset Movement through Prism.” Journal of the Society of Philosophical Studies 150(2019): 59-101.
Yun, Ji Sun. “A Philosophical Reflection on the Anatomy and Mechanism of Extreme Civil War Violence Through Deleuze and Guattari’s Concept of Machine de Guerre.” Unpublished article. (2021): 1-35.
