MORAL EDUCATION DEBATE OF MEIJI JAPAN
Keywords:
Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Imperial Rescript on Education, Moral Education, Moral Education by Religion, Moral training debate, ShintoismAbstract
Since 2018, the decision of the Japanese government to include 'moral education' as an official school subject has stirred various controversies. From a historical perspective, according to critics, moral education as a school subject in the pre-Pacific War era in Japan was at the centre of the militaristic educational program of the country. Further issues involve objections against the contents of the Japanese moral education and the method of evaluating students learning the subject. The current study seeks to survey the process in which moral education developed in Japan during the Meiji Era, as well as, the 'moral training debate' surrounding the contents and methodologies of moral education, to provide implications about the controversy.
References
MEXT, “How Are Students Evaluated in Moral Education?”
<http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/doutoku/index.htm> (15 July 2018)
Tsutui Mikio and Terawaki Ken, “Moral education Textbooks for elementary school is very Dangerous!” Toyo Keizai Online, 14 October 2018, <https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/241317> (21 October 2018).
Toyoizami Kiyohiro, “Historical Consideration of Moral Education, A Study of the History of Moral Education (1): From the Establishment of the Course of Shushin to the Times of Government-Designated Textbooks,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, University of Bunkyo No. 9(2015): 27.
Katsube Mitake and Shibukawa Hisako, History of Moral Education, Tokyo: Tamakawa University Press, 1984.
Shino Yoshinobu, “Moral theory in Nishimura Shigeki's Shogaku Shushinkun: Between the East and China,” Meiji University Journal of Psycho-Sociology, Vol. 14 (2018): 19.
Satoh Hideo, Education Goshinei and The Imperial Rescript on Education I: Sequel, Modern History Materials 8, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo Press, 1994, 101.
Nose Sakae, “Ethics,” Kokumin no Kyoiku, Vol. 4(1887): 93.
Dendoh Shinichiro, Kato Hiroyuki and Meiji Nation, Tokyo: Gakushuin University, 2013, 180.
Kato Hiroyuki, Tokuiku Hohoan, Tokyo: Tetsugaku Shoin Press, 1887.
Kato Hiroyuki, “The Relationship between My Egoism and Loyalty to the Sovereign and Patriotism,” Kato Hiroyuki’s Documents Vol. 3, Kyoto: Douhousha Press, 1990, 407.
Narazaki Morimaru, “Opinions about Japanese Education,” Kyouiku Jiron, Vol. 108, 15 April 1888.
Seo Kichie, ”Reading the opinion of Kato Hiroyuki’s Proposal, Kyouiku Jiron Vol.101, 5 February 1888.
Ooi Jiken, “Standard of Moral education,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 108, 15 April 1888.
Nishimura Seisaburou, “Talk about Moral Education,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 113, 5 June 1888.
Fukuchi Mataichi, “Disagree with Kato Hiroyuki’s Tokuiku Hohoan,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 101, 5 February 1888.
Kozaki Hiromichi, “Effective Moral Education,” Rokugou Magazine Vol. 89, 15 May 1888.
Nose Sakae, Tokuikuchinteiron, Koubunsha Press, 1890, 98-100.
Nishimura Shigeki, Intention of Nihonkoudoukai, Tokyo: Nihonkoudoukai, 1889, 3.
Sugiura Jyugo, “The Future of Education,” Dai Nihon Kyouiku Magazine Vol. 68, 30 November 1887.
Kaigo Tokiomi, A Research on Establishment History of The Imperial Rescript on education, Tokyo: Koutokusha Press, 1965, 390.
Kato Hiroyuki, “Relationship between State and Religion,” Kokkagakkai Magazine 4 No.44 (1890): 550.
Kato Hiroyuki, Our National Polity and Christianity, Tokyo: Kinkoudou, 1907, 55.
Kato Hiroyuki, “Selfishness or Morality,” Tokyogakushikaiin Magazine 13, No. 9, 1891.
The Imperial rescript on education to kindergarten students. “Japanese Kindergarten Teaches Students Pre-War Ideals,” Reuters.com, 9 December 2016, <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-education/japanese-kindergarten-teaches-students-pre-war-idealsidUSKBN13X1UV> (14 October 2018).
Masahiko Shibayama, “New Education Chief Draws Fire for Prewar Rescript Remarks,” The Asahi Shinbun, 4 October 2018 < http://www.asahi. com/ajw/articles/AJ201810040036.html> (14 October 2018).
<http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/doutoku/index.htm> (15 July 2018)
Tsutui Mikio and Terawaki Ken, “Moral education Textbooks for elementary school is very Dangerous!” Toyo Keizai Online, 14 October 2018, <https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/241317> (21 October 2018).
Toyoizami Kiyohiro, “Historical Consideration of Moral Education, A Study of the History of Moral Education (1): From the Establishment of the Course of Shushin to the Times of Government-Designated Textbooks,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, University of Bunkyo No. 9(2015): 27.
Katsube Mitake and Shibukawa Hisako, History of Moral Education, Tokyo: Tamakawa University Press, 1984.
Shino Yoshinobu, “Moral theory in Nishimura Shigeki's Shogaku Shushinkun: Between the East and China,” Meiji University Journal of Psycho-Sociology, Vol. 14 (2018): 19.
Satoh Hideo, Education Goshinei and The Imperial Rescript on Education I: Sequel, Modern History Materials 8, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo Press, 1994, 101.
Nose Sakae, “Ethics,” Kokumin no Kyoiku, Vol. 4(1887): 93.
Dendoh Shinichiro, Kato Hiroyuki and Meiji Nation, Tokyo: Gakushuin University, 2013, 180.
Kato Hiroyuki, Tokuiku Hohoan, Tokyo: Tetsugaku Shoin Press, 1887.
Kato Hiroyuki, “The Relationship between My Egoism and Loyalty to the Sovereign and Patriotism,” Kato Hiroyuki’s Documents Vol. 3, Kyoto: Douhousha Press, 1990, 407.
Narazaki Morimaru, “Opinions about Japanese Education,” Kyouiku Jiron, Vol. 108, 15 April 1888.
Seo Kichie, ”Reading the opinion of Kato Hiroyuki’s Proposal, Kyouiku Jiron Vol.101, 5 February 1888.
Ooi Jiken, “Standard of Moral education,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 108, 15 April 1888.
Nishimura Seisaburou, “Talk about Moral Education,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 113, 5 June 1888.
Fukuchi Mataichi, “Disagree with Kato Hiroyuki’s Tokuiku Hohoan,” Kyouiku Jiron Vol. 101, 5 February 1888.
Kozaki Hiromichi, “Effective Moral Education,” Rokugou Magazine Vol. 89, 15 May 1888.
Nose Sakae, Tokuikuchinteiron, Koubunsha Press, 1890, 98-100.
Nishimura Shigeki, Intention of Nihonkoudoukai, Tokyo: Nihonkoudoukai, 1889, 3.
Sugiura Jyugo, “The Future of Education,” Dai Nihon Kyouiku Magazine Vol. 68, 30 November 1887.
Kaigo Tokiomi, A Research on Establishment History of The Imperial Rescript on education, Tokyo: Koutokusha Press, 1965, 390.
Kato Hiroyuki, “Relationship between State and Religion,” Kokkagakkai Magazine 4 No.44 (1890): 550.
Kato Hiroyuki, Our National Polity and Christianity, Tokyo: Kinkoudou, 1907, 55.
Kato Hiroyuki, “Selfishness or Morality,” Tokyogakushikaiin Magazine 13, No. 9, 1891.
The Imperial rescript on education to kindergarten students. “Japanese Kindergarten Teaches Students Pre-War Ideals,” Reuters.com, 9 December 2016, <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-education/japanese-kindergarten-teaches-students-pre-war-idealsidUSKBN13X1UV> (14 October 2018).
Masahiko Shibayama, “New Education Chief Draws Fire for Prewar Rescript Remarks,” The Asahi Shinbun, 4 October 2018 < http://www.asahi. com/ajw/articles/AJ201810040036.html> (14 October 2018).
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Published
2020-03-28
How to Cite
Dohyung, K. (2020). MORAL EDUCATION DEBATE OF MEIJI JAPAN. Journal of Dharma, 44(3), 345–362. Retrieved from https://dvkjournals.in/index.php/jd/article/view/218
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